Menstrual cramps

Alternative Names

Menstruation – painful, Dysmenorrhea, Periods – painful, Cramps - menstrual

What is Menstrual cramps

Menstrual cramps are painful condition of the belly and pelvic areas that woman have during her menstrual period. Menstrual cramps are not the same as the discomfort felt during premenstrual syndrome (PMS), although the symptoms of both disorders can sometimes be experienced as a continual process. Almost every woman experience menstrual cramps. Menstrual cramps can very from mild to severe.

Signs and symptoms

Menstrual cramps may cause the following symptoms:

• dull, throbbing or cramping pain in your lower abdomen
• pain that radiates to your lower back and thighs
• nausea and vomiting
• loose stools
• sweating
• dizziness

Possible complications

Menstrual cramps do not cause serious complications but it can influence on the rhythm of your life.

What causes

When woman has menstrual period, uterus contracts to help expel its lining. Prostaglandins involved in pain and inflammation trigger the uterine muscle contractions. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more severe menstrual cramps.

In some cases menstrual cramps can be caused by:

• endometriosis
• uterine fibroids
• adenomyosis
• pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• cervical stenosis

Prevention

You can try to prevent this condition by taking the following precautions:

• eat a balanced diet that includes plenty of fruits and vegetables and is low in fat; limit your intake of alcohol, caffeine, salt and sweets
• begin or maintain a moderate exercise schedule
• reduce stress in your life
• do not smoke or use other tobacco products
• try biofeedback or yoga
• try acupuncture or acupressure

Treatment

You can try to treat menstrual cramps without medication:

• apply a heating pad to your lower belly area, below your belly button. Never fall asleep with the heating pad on.
• do light circular massage with your fingertips around your lower belly area
• drink warm beverages
• eat light but frequent meals
• follow a diet rich in complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, but low in salt, sugar, alcohol and caffeine.
• keep your legs raised while lying down or lie on your side with your knees bent
• practice relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga
• try vitamin B6, calcium, and magnesium supplements, especially if your pain is from PMS
• take warm showers or baths
• walk or exercise regularly, including pelvic rocking exercises
• lose weight if you are overweight

You can also use the following medications:

• antibiotics
• antidepressants
• birth control pills
• prescription anti-inflammatory medicines
• prescription pain relievers (including narcotics, for brief periods)

You should consult your doctor before using any of above-mentioned medicines.